The Inclusive Finance

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The Inclusive Finance，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了普惠金融。普惠金融是一种金融体系，并且为社会所有阶层和群体提供有效、全方位的服务，从而对实体经济的发展起到支持和促进作用。普惠金融也是一种理念。只有每个人应该拥有并实际获得金融服务的权利，才有机会参与经济发展。实现普惠金融的途径是进行金融体系创新，包括制度创新、机构创新、产品创新和科技创新。

Inclusive finance is a financial system that provides effective and all-round services to all social strata and groups, thus supporting and promoting the development of the real economy. The term "financial inclusion" was first proposed by the United Nations as "developing a financial inclusion system", which was then vigorously promoted by the world bank and the United Nations. The concept of "inclusive finance" was first put forward by China microfinance alliance. The people's bank of China formally used the concept of "inclusive finance" in the "Asian microfinance BBS" held in Beijing in March 2006. Hu l9 of June, 2012, at the g20 summit in Mexico pointed out: "pratt &whitney financial problem is essentially a development problem, hope countries to strengthen communication and cooperation, improve the level of the consumer protection, establish a financial system benefit all countries and people, to ensure that people enjoy modern countries, especially developing countries, safe and convenient financial services." The statement on financial inclusion at this meeting was the first time that a Chinese national leader has formally used this concept in public. The third plenary session of the 18th CPC central committee was held on November 12, 2013. The meeting adopted the decision of the CPC central committee on several major issues of comprehensively deepening reform and formally put forward "developing inclusive finance, encouraging financial innovation and enriching financial market levels and products". Inclusive finance is a kind of "micro-finance industry", which integrates scattered micro-loan products and institutional services into the overall development strategy of finance, and is the deepening and innovation of micro-loan and micro-finance. At present, China has built and improved new representative inclusive financial services such as small loan companies, rural Banks and P2P lending platforms, promoting the rapid development of inclusive financial institutions. However, China's inclusive financial service system still has many defects, including rural financial credit asymmetry, weak foundation and high risk; The environment of private financing is not stable; The development of small community financial institutions is not perfect; Some financial innovation businesses in the Internet financial era need to be further standardized. This new concept requires us to further expand the depth and breadth of inclusive financial services, constantly improve the Internet financial service system, improve the degree of inclusive financial system in China, and promote the development of financial innovation.

Because of the financial system, traditional financial especially the banking institutions is a "poor rich" the role of the "little", separate organization has the most money in the bank deposit user cannot enjoy equal right to credit funds or bank financing services, this kind of pay and reward is unequal, the average user's suffering and helpless. The arrival of Internet finance era makes up for this defect, and brings certain impact and sense of crisis to the traditional financial model.

The problems faced by commercial Banks in the development of inclusive finance can be effectively solved through financial Internet, which has the advantages of wide network coverage, fast replication and promotion, large information reserves and low comprehensive cost. The emergence of financial Internet has created new opportunities for the development of inclusive finance. Therefore, if commercial Banks want to adjust their development ideas and transform their business models, they need to take advantage of the development of Internet finance to promote the development of inclusive finance.

It is difficult for commercial Banks to achieve business sustainability under the inclusive finance model, and many financial institutions have carried out long-term exploration and practice under this model. Through exploration and practice, it is found that most of them are faced with problems such as insufficient professional staff, low network coverage and difficulty in collecting credit information. As a newly established joint-stock bank, chang 'an bank explored the establishment of the inclusive finance model of chang 'an bank, initially realizing the balance between carrying out inclusive finance business and pursuing commercial sustainability. It actively promotes the business philosophy of "deepening financial innovation and developing inclusive finance", and explores the improvement and development of inclusive financial system of chang 'an bank from the aspects of institutional innovation, organizational innovation, product innovation, service innovation and technological innovation.

Improving the internal control system and overall risk management capacity is an important guarantee for the development of inclusive finance. Chang 'an bank has focused on strengthening the construction of system and organizational management system, reengineering the management system and business process, and adjusting and optimizing the organizational management structure of Banks at all levels in accordance with the principle of separation of the front, middle and back ends, thus providing institutional guarantee for the development of inclusive finance. First, strengthen the institutional construction of governance, further improve corporate governance, adhere to shaanxi equipment manufacturing, high and new technology, energy and chemical industry and other pillar industries and upstream and downstream medium, small and micro enterprises to carry out financial services; Second, we will strengthen the construction of incentive and restraint mechanisms, highlight the responsibilities of management departments, establish a management model that separates credit rating from assessment, grants credit and combines credit with credit, implement a full-time risk management system in key risk departments, and accelerate the pace of credit, financial management and other product innovation. Third, adjust and optimize the salary management system, refine the post and rank sequence, and promote the reasonable increase of salary; Fourth, we intensified inspections, supervision and auditing, focusing on regular inspections, rolling inspections, internal audits, staff education and accountability

Existing risks; Fifth, we will strengthen risk management and deepen reform in key areas and key links. With a problem-oriented approach, we will take the opportunity of the year's rectification and implementation activities to solve outstanding problems identified by internal and external auditing and oversight bodies, deepen reform in key areas and key links, and lay a solid foundation for long-term benefits.

In order to maintain the sustainable development of inclusive finance, commercial Banks must strive to improve their financial service capabilities. Changan bank has made great progress in product and service innovation. First, we will speed up the construction of branches to serve urban and rural residents and small and medium-sized enterprises. Second, innovate development ideas, set up branches in Beijing, Shanghai and financial markets, extend business reach and strengthen industrial cooperation; Third, it has obtained the business operation qualification of foreign exchange trading, fund sales, official business card, etc., and the issuance of 3 billion yuan of small and micro enterprise financial bonds has been approved by China banking regulatory commission. Fourth, we have opened financial IC CARDS and tellers' service, and continued to offer preferential fees to the public, exempting more than 20 million yuan of fees each year. Fifth, seriously carry out financial knowledge publicity activities, have organized and carried out anti-money laundering, anti-counterfeit money and institutional credit code promotion and application publicity work, through various publicity activities, to popularize financial knowledge to the public; Sixth, it strengthened demonstration and guidance and service supervision and management. It successively organized special training courses on service work of the whole bank, knowledge contest on consumer rights protection and other activities, which further strengthened staff's service awareness and improved service skills and level. In 2014, chang 'an bank launched the "market loan" financial service program for individual industrial and commercial households and small and micro enterprises in the commodity trading market with a certain size and number of merchants. The financial service plan of "changan loan" business district has the characteristics of flexible guarantee mode, batch operation and high handling efficiency, which can meet the financing needs of small merchants, quickly solve the problem of cash flow and open up a new financing channel for science and technology enterprises. Xi 'an weiyang district branch of bank of chang 'an launched the "bank-huitong" financial service plan for small and micro enterprises in the group mode of chamber of commerce, established the capital pool of member enterprises, simplified the loan processing process, provided batch credit for small and micro enterprises, and effectively solved the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises.

The development of inclusive finance requires technological innovation. Technological innovation includes Internet, mobile Internet, big data and credit technology. The innovation of credit technology is a very important part of Internet finance. Commercial Banks should take the construction of information technology as the support, accelerate the construction of comprehensive business system, actively research and develop and promote new business and characteristic business, and enhance the ability of business and service quality innovation. Chang 'an bank has put into operation more than ten systems, such as telephone banking, bank of communications counter banking system, bank of communications school banking system, alipay express payment system, commodity pre-sale housing fund supervision system, enterprise credit investigation reform and Treasury centralized payment reform, which have enriched the electronic banking service channels and improved the business functions. The implementation of the server access network security transformation, desktop security management system, based on cloud computing virtualization test platform and other projects, improve the technical security of information.

With the introduction of the concept of inclusive finance and its gradual application and development in various regions, the concept of "inclusive finance" has been sublimated from the original single concept to the concept of diversification, and the necessity and function of its development have been gradually enhanced. First, the coverage of financial institutions has been expanded. Through the inclusive financial model, financial institutions have gradually expanded the customer base from low-income groups to middle and high income groups, and their coverage has gradually expanded to underdeveloped areas and industries. Secondly, it enriches the products and functions of financial institutions. Based on traditional business products, it innovates and expands many internal and external businesses, enriches the product categories of financial institutions, and meanwhile improves the intermediate business income of financial institutions. The development of Internet finance promotes the inclusive finance mode to be enriched by single offline business

Parallel online and offline business improves the functionality of financial institutions' product business. Third, the concept of "inclusive finance" has been changed. It is neither a single policy-based financial instrument nor a means used by the government to alleviate poverty. It needs to fulfill certain social responsibilities, but only if it follows the business principle of sustainability.

At present, due to the relative lack of practical experience in promoting financial inclusion services at home and abroad, there are many problems in the implementation of financial inclusion policies in China, including the imperfect government mechanism and weak supervision, which lead to the expected level of financial inclusion in practice. In the financial regulations of our country and there is no direct limit associated enterprises and shareholders' equity rights, there are actual relationship of enterprises and shareholders' equity of a financial institution is not restricted, the associated enterprises and shareholders by having more of the voting rights for those small investment scale, equity is relatively concentrated realized in fact holding local small and medium-sized financial institutions. In addition, some rentier speculators and financial swindlers have taken advantage of the loopholes in the financial market service mechanism to disrupt some private capital markets and increase the turbulence in the financial market. The supervision system of enterprise capital should be constantly improved to improve the awareness of risk prevention and control and promote the sustainable development of enterprises.

In the practice of inclusive finance in China, it is found that the financial service awareness of various financial institutions still needs to be improved. Most financial institutions' application of inclusive finance is form over substance and lack of initiative and enthusiasm, mainly due to the lack of incentive mechanism and supportive preferential policies. At the same time, financial institutions are accustomed to use traditional financial tools for financial services, and their business philosophy has not been changed in a big and timely manner. The supply of financial products for vulnerable groups is insufficient, which cannot meet the increasing diversified financial needs in rural areas.

Due to the lack of effective collateral and lack of credit records for social vulnerable groups such as small and micro enterprises and individuals, the ability of financial institutions to obtain effective information and identify information is reduced, resulting in the phenomenon of "information asymmetry" and increased financial transaction risks. In order to avoid risks in the financial market, Banks may impose higher interest rates, which will bring great pressure to small and micro enterprises, some individuals and other vulnerable groups in the society. In addition, due to the small amount of a single transaction, it is difficult to exert the scale effect, resulting in the high operating costs of inclusive finance. In addition, some financial organizations have few sources of funds and lack of funds, which weakens the development of inclusive finance. For example, the village bank capital source mainly rely on registered capital, trade financing, and absorb deposits and so on, but most of the village Banks are set up in the economic development of the poorer areas, local farmers and companies less idle funds, the source of the deposit less, restricts the growth of village and town bank deposits of, thereby reducing the village bank one of sources of funding; Village and town bank branches, the service scope of radiation is smaller, if meet the demand of local small and medium-sized enterprise financing requires high operating costs, in order to increase profits, most village Banks choose to reduce operational costs, lead to most of village Banks are not willing to provide basic financial services to the social vulnerable groups, the pratt &whitney is difficult to carry out financial business.

The effective development of inclusive finance depends to a large extent on the relevant policy support of the government and the financial support of the private and the government, which are also important aspects to be considered when measuring whether the inclusive financial system can be well established and sustainable development. However, if the supervision and management department supervision is not in place, it will turn the advantages into disadvantages, resulting in the phenomenon of arbitrariness, irregularity, lack of verification and approval, which will increase the potential risks of the financial market. The healthy and sound development of inclusive finance has posed a severe challenge to financial regulation through the construction of institutions, products, institutions and personnel.

With the deepening of financial Internet, commercial Banks need to strengthen the innovation of inclusive financial products and services from human, material, financial and other aspects. On the one hand, inclusive finance needs to provide all customers with convenient and fast financial services, which requires commercial Banks to design targeted innovative products according to customers' consumption characteristics, so as to improve customers' satisfaction with financial products. On the other hand, inclusive finance emphasizes the provision of convenient, high-quality and fast financial services for customers, including the connotation of more simple product operation. Middle and low-end customers have little contact with financial services and have relatively little understanding of the business of commercial Banks, so they need more personnel from products that are easy to understand when providing financial services. In addition, commercial Banks should continue to add network service, timing, fixed-point, use POS terminal cash and install ATM services such as financial, on the basis of convenient service, encourage financial institutions to carry out various forms of financial service innovation, such as telephone banking business in blank township, convenient blank township farmers use telephone and mobile phone to deal with inquiry, transfer, remittance, consumption, payment and other related business, to guide financial institutions in the blank of villages and towns to carry out various forms of financial service innovation, and vigorously promote the small loans business, expand pratt &whitney financial services and service efficiency.

From the perspective of the domestic banking industry, the current business process of commercial Banks will be affected by the problems of division, line division and low level of overall process. In the process of promoting the development of inclusive finance with the help of the financial Internet, the establishment of the financial service innovation mode of cross-department and cross-line cooperation can effectively reduce the problems such as function duplication, data clutter and non-standardization of rules, so as to better provide customers with comprehensive financial services. In addition, Internet financial institutions conduct financial product innovation through information technology to integrate the "fragmented funds" of netizens in a certain way, forming a huge long tail market, lowering the service threshold and providing financial services for more people. On June 13, 2013, pay treasure and celestica fund launch balance treasure, the minimum investment is $1, lowered the threshold of the financial product, ordinary people also can participate in, only 17 days to attract users to 2.5156 million, the cumulative stock to fund 5.7 billion yuan, per capita amount of investment is only 1912.67 yuan, 7 - worth far less than the traditional fund 80000 yuan. After that, products such as huandbao and qianbao were launched continuously, meeting the fragmented financial management needs of ordinary people and expanding the boundaries of financial services. Commercial Banks should realize flexible integrated process services through integrated thinking. Through the process construction, we can provide more financial products and services for customers, solve the overall financial service needs of customers, reduce the marketing cost investment of customer service, improve the stickiness of customers, and solve the problem that small and medium-sized customers and low-income groups contribute less to the income of commercial Banks.

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