Foreign models of mutual care for the aged

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Foreign models of mutual care for the aged，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了国外互助养老模式。无论是英美两国的时间银行模式，还是美国的村庄模式，都进行了组织化的建设与发展。大规模的时间银行都会有总行对分行进行管理，并且有专门雇员。系统化的过程管理、法律保障、资金等相关政策的支持使时间银行成为影响力巨大的互助养老模式。同样，在美国，村庄范围遍布各州，却能通过网络、实行理事会或者委员会制对村庄进行管理，可见组织设计非常灵活。

The second session of the National People's Congress (NPC), held in March 2019, still focused on old-age care, and pointed out that new modes of old-age care should be explored to meet the needs of elderly people for diversified and high-quality old-age care services. Mutual support for the aged, as a way of supporting the aged in line with The Times, is a realistic choice for China to actively cope with the aging population at low cost in the future.

The rural society in ancient China was a society dominated by the small-scale peasant economy. The limited economic resources and weak risk resistance made the small-scale peasant families mutually help each other. At the same time, the rural society in ancient times was also deeply influenced by Confucian cultural ideas. The habitual mutual assistance between villagers and villagers seemed to have an invisible responsibility and obligation.

At present, the number of the elderly in China is increasing at a rising rate, and the problem of family endowment is becoming more and more prominent. In addition to the declining birth rate and the social status quo of getting old before getting rich, all kinds of aging problems have caused enormous pressure on the social economy. The traditional pension model is under the impact, and the pension model in line with the trend of The Times should be developed and implemented.

The constant progress of urbanization has forced children to leave their hometowns. Parents hope their children can get better development and have to learn to take care of themselves, no longer completely dependent on their children. Mutual support for the aged can not only solve the problem of living without their children, but also enrich the spiritual world of the elderly.

Time bank originated from the United States, which refers to a mutual pension model in which volunteers of different ages participate in pension service and accumulate hours of service so that they can enjoy the same hours of voluntary pension service in the future. Banks in Britain and the United States time, for example, in terms of participants, to ensure the safety of the members, new members into the often is introduced by old members, and go through the background of the bank employees strict investigation, through the new members to start from the basis of voluntary service, and it's has provided the safeguard for the service quality and personnel safety.

The multi-generation mutual care model originated in the 1980s has had a profound and positive impact on the aging society in Germany. No matter what kind of multi-generation mutual care model, they attach great importance to the spiritual world of the elderly. In addition to the inter-generation mutual pension model, the inter-generation mutual pension model is also very worthy of our country's reference. In Germany, there is also the "family restructuring" mutual pension model. The model consists of single families and elderly people living together in welfare apartments funded by the government and welfare agencies. It not only solves the living and mental loneliness of the elderly, but also CARES for the children, giving both sides the warmth of family.

The American village pension model is an influential mutual pension model. Thanks to the developed technology network in the United States, villages have their own national network platform, which not only enables communication and coordination among states, communities, towns, cities and counties in the United States, but also facilitates the exchange of experience among villages. In order to ensure that the service quality of the village, and strictly control the proportion of members and volunteers, if there are any volunteer service gap resulted from the shortage or limited ability for volunteers to provide professional services, the committee will be through the collective power of the village, such as through collective bargaining for the member to buy quality and cheap services.

Both the time bank model in Britain and the United States and the village model in the United States have carried out organizational construction and development. On a large scale, a bank has its head office to manage its branches and employees. Systematic process management, legal protection, capital and other related policies support time bank to become a huge impact of mutual care pension model. Similarly, in the United States, villages are located in all states, but they can be managed through the network and the implementation of the board or committee system, so the organizational design is very flexible. Although China has begun to appear time bank, but there are still many shortcomings, need to constantly learn from the experience of foreign countries, improve the construction of the organization.

Technology is the primary productive force. If technology is properly applied to elderly care services, it will play a great role in improving the quality of elderly care services. Because of the powerful Internet technology and systematic information management system, the time bank model in foreign countries can develop sustainably. For another example, villages also have national network platforms, which can realize the exchange of information between villages and the exchange of pension service experience. In China, the low technical content of old-age service also affects the quality of old-age service to some extent. Therefore, we should actively explore a new model integrating technology and old-age care.

From the mutual assistance group for the aged in the early 1990s to the mutual assistance happiness hospital for the aged in the early 21st century, the mutual assistance endowment mode in China has gradually developed, but compared with the mutual assistance endowment mode in foreign countries, there are still problems such as the single mutual assistance endowment mode and the lack of maturity. Although the national conditions of developed countries are different from that of China, the aging trend is similar to that of China. We should learn from the foreign mutual support pension model, develop a variety of mutual support pension model in line with China's current situation, continue to expand the scope of mutual support pension, so as to alleviate the pressure of aging.

With the improvement of endowment insurance system and material conditions, the basic life of the elderly has been guaranteed. For example, in Germany, multi-generational housing for the aged, public communication space is specially built in the construction of multi-generational apartments to provide a place for the spiritual activities of the elderly and ensure their daily interaction and communication. In the mode of inter-generational mutual support for the elderly, spontaneously formed groups of the elderly take turns to hold activities to alleviate the loneliness of the spiritual world. What is more worthy of reference is the inter-generation mutual support for the aged model, the young and the old through cohabitation to help each other to get what they need, which not only reduces the young people's life pressure, but also alleviates the old people's spiritual loneliness. Attaching importance to and improving the spiritual life of the elderly will be the top priority of the elderly service industry in the future.

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