北美作业代写：British pirate wave

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- British pirate wave，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了英国海盗浪潮。海盗行为最早可追溯至古希腊、罗马时期。虽然海盗行为是一种在海洋之上所从事的犯罪行为，但是历史上的许多海盗船由于在特地时期被国家认可，因此变为了对国家利益发挥作用的“私掠船”。十六世纪，尤其是1558-1603年伊丽莎白女王统治期间，受到当时英国艰难的内外政治和经济形式影响，私掠活动成为英国政府利用来增加财政收入和抗争西班牙的主要手段，发挥了重要作用。

Piracy dates back to ancient Greece and Rome. Although piracy is a sea are engaged in criminal behavior, but many in the history of the pirate ship due to the specially period approved by the state, the result into the interests of country play a role of "privateers". The 16th century, particularly under the reign of queen Elizabeth, 1558-1603, when British difficult internal and external forms of political and economic influence, privateers activities become a British government used to increase the fiscal revenue and against the principal means of Spain played an important role.

Pirates are criminals who rob other ships at sea. Modern about pirates from the United Nations convention on the law: the definition of "private vessels or aircraft crew staff and passengers out of their own for the purpose of the illegal ACTS of violence, or the predatory behavior." Piracy has been associated with "lawlessness". But the fact is not, in the history of many of the pirate ship is approved by the state at a particular time, supported by the government as to maintain the interests of the state power, whenever that time, the pirates became in fact was allowed legal, known as the "privateers activity".

The discovery of the new world in the fifteenth century triggered a dispute over the right to travel and even ownership and sovereignty. As the first to grab the Marine hegemony of Spain and Portugal, the two countries in the process of adventure and discovery, after fierce competition over a long period of time, finally the Pope Alexander vi with the Pope in 1493 under the mediation of the determination of meridian and carve up the earth. From then on, the two countries formed a strong and strong alliance, and became one of the parties to the battle for sea power, claiming that the sea could be possessed like land. And as the other party of dispute, is unwilling to lag behind France, the Netherlands, England and other countries, in the face of common interests, they happen to coincide between form an uneasy alliance, insist on Marine freedom and openness.

As a devout Catholic, member of the great geographical discovery wave vanguard Spain and Portugal thinks, in the name of god, the Catholic country had the right to possess oneself of barbarians and pagan land, without scruple in new found how indigenous peoples attitude, this is what they call "convenience" rule applies to ocean.

The establishment of the Pope's meridian was a good reason for their use of the power of religion to gain their own advantage. As a result, Spain dominates the Pacific and gulf of Mexico, while Portugal has the entire Indian Ocean and the Atlantic ocean south of Mexico, almost monopolizing all of Europe's overseas trade. In this case, other countries want to be involved in ocean-going trade, either to open new routes or to take risks in the spheres of influence between the west and Portugal.

The powerful navy, the vast colonies, and the constant flow of overseas wealth to the Iberian peninsula, the west and Portugal were already the most powerful countries in Europe. Britain is facing a severe malaise and tottering, in 1558, queen Elizabeth acceded to the throne, is such a mess: take over by domestic financial constraints, the royal family, a weak army, discipline is lax, the price is expensive, official internal conflict with each other, foreign Mired in war with France and Scotland, and the lack of Allies.

Not only that, but because queen Elizabeth was a protestant, Spain, England's only official ally, was also suspicious of the new regime for religious reasons. If queen Elizabeth had not received the support of the British domestic bourgeoisie, it would have made a big fuss over the succession of the British throne.

Under the influence of this situation, the British government, led by Elizabeth I, increased its income through various abnormal means to solve the national financial problems. Of acquiescence pirates wanton looting Spain and Portugal in the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean vessels, stolen property, divided between the royal family and the pirates will become economically increase the fiscal revenue, politically against the west China one of the means of the two countries.

The political acquiescence of the queen and the government was one of the main reasons for the rampant piracy at the time, but there were other advantages to be traced.

One is the sufficient human resources, in the 16th century British pirate mainly consists of the following, the first is caused by the enclosure movement homeless refugees, coupled with the royal family confiscated the property of the Catholic church and the dissolution of the feudal aristocracy attendants, they batch into a beggar, thieves, rogues, become the main factors influencing the form of domestic stability. On the one hand, the tudors were violently suppressed, and on the other hand, they vigorously developed overseas trade, which skillfully took this scourge to the sea. In order to encourage people to go to sea, the tudors adopted a policy of leniency to the pirates, and the pirates were arrested very rarely unless they looted the country's important people.

Followed by protestants, queen Mary's reign, king Philip ii of Spain to restoration British Catholic to seek hegemony in the UK, with the support of his, queen Mary to the cruel persecution of protestants, cause a large number of protestants escaping, so many people become seafarers or pirate, these people not only for piracy were given deep human resources, and the attack of the Spanish merchant ships are seen as resistance by the Catholic church hegemony, the patriotic behavior of British interests, this is piracy important spiritual motive.

Then came the professional seamen, the feudal land aristocracy and the squire's participation. Those who make a living by piracy ships even have license issued by the British royal family "revenge", this is a private owner with authority to represent the king plunder enemy ships certificate, with it can be "legal" for piracy. Although there are many facts privateers who after capture by the enemy will ignore their own license, and direct as illegal criminals to justice, but it doesn't affect the enthusiasm of the people out to sea, especially in the queen's direct investment to sponsor voyage after costs, the more became the whole country to participate in activities.

Then there are the new merchants who oppose the monopoly of the west and Portugal, and in the 16th century, with the eruption of the Netherlands revolution, the British foreign trade was greatly affected. The collapse of traditional trade, making the British businessman had to look abroad, was the main overseas markets and important routes are control in the hands of the two countries in the western Portugal, nature of the two countries will not allow outsiders to get their hands on their own interests, national strength is also unable to contend with line of the British businessman had to find something else to do, aim at west Portuguese ships returning from the new world full of wealth of the plunder activity which is active.

As king of a country, Elizabeth was not a proponent of piracy from the very beginning. In the early period of the reign of queen, she is hesitant about pirates this illegal behavior attitude, on the one hand to fight against pirates, because of the need for practical benefits, on the other hand have to the policy of the indulgence and utilization.

At first, the queen did not take the pirate pillage as part of Britain's internal and external policy, but only as a timely use. But when John Hawkins of the slave trade and pirates robbed back to the UK shocked huge profits, it makes the interests of the queen's attitude have started to change.

Since the late 1960s, the queen has been involved in privateering, and she has encouraged the pirates to move out of the English channel and into the Atlantic and the Americas. By investing directly and sending troops, she not only led the pirates to plunder, but also actively encouraged the pirates to attack the political enemies of Spain. "The sea is open," the queen declared. "in this sense, no nation can exclude the expansion of any stretch of the ocean." This theory seems to be consistent with all the countries that oppose the monopoly of western Portugal. Accordingly, when in 1580, Britain's most famous criminal drake to travel around the world, the loot Spanish ships along the way, to celebrate the queen, after protest against Spain's minister, the queen Elizabeth again, "my subjects have the right to like Spanish activities everywhere, because ocean and air are Shared by people", and on the drake's pirate ship golden hind, sent him to the jazz.

After dozens of years, the queen also has never been interrupted their investment in the pirate career and support, look, when British pirate privateers activities can call it an important part of the country's foreign policy, both brought higher profits for the queen, also became one of the queen to maintain British rule of an important force to be reckoned with.

16th century British history pirates robbed the activities of such large scale is very rare, this from the queen to all the British people have an highly enthusiasm of national industry, although was reviled by others, but it is the part of the British national development can not be ignored. Accordingly, England was able to get rid of the poor fiscal, strengthens the naval strength, stable political situation, at the same time in the process of colonial expansion of step, it works.

By the time the stuarts began to rule England in 1603, James I became the first emperor to announce the clampdown on piracy, which was rapidly declining in Britain after nearly a century of piracy.

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