The Effect of Metal Music on Heart Rate and blood pressure-essay代写

本文是一篇优秀的美国论文范文- The Effect of Metal Music on Heart Rate and blood pressure，供大家赏析学习，这篇论文讨论了金属音乐对心率和血压的影响。心率和血压具有非常重要的生物学意义，因为它们与健康密切相关。重金属音乐可以让人们感到兴奋，而兴奋通常会导致心率和血压的加速。如果重金属音乐对心率和血压有影响的话，那么患有心脏病或高血压的患者应该避免听这种音乐。

Introduction

Heart rate refers to how many times the heart beats per minute in the resting state, it generally stays at 60 to 100 times per minute ( Patterson, S. W. et al , 1915). Blood pressure refers to the pressure blood flow has on blood vessels due to the mechanical pumping action of heart. Since blood pressure changes when heart contracts and relaxes, only the maximum and minimum values are measured as systolic pressure and diastolic pressure. Heart rate and blood pressure have a vital biological significance since they are closely related to health. Heavy metal music is associated with causing excitement, while excitement usually causes accelerated heart rate and blood pressure. Through searching for relevant information on the internet, we found this research conducted by several members of University of Wisconsin-Medison. Hence, we wonder if listening to heavy metal music has any effect on heart rate and blood pressure. If heavy metal music is proved to have impact on heart rate and blood pressure, then patients who have heart problems or hypertension should avoid listening to such music and people should avoid playing such music adjacent to the patients. Commercially, heavy metal music can be used in entertainment industry if it is proved to cause excitement. As I know, some movies and video games had heavy metal music in them and the songs did increase the intensity of certain scenes.

Our hypothesis is that after listening to metal music, people would have faster heart rate along with higher blood pressure, and such increase in heart beats per minute and blood pressure level would last a while after the music stops. The null hypothesis then is the metal music has no effect on heart rate and blood pressure. Therefore, if the data showed that there is an observable amount of increase in heart rate and blood pressure after the participants listen to heavy metal music and the significantly higher heart rate and blood pressure last a period after the music ends, then the hypothesis is proved. We did this experiment described below to find out if our hypothesis is true.

Materials and Method

In this experiment, all the heart rate and blood pressure data were measured by a sphygmomanometer. At first, the participant were divided into two groups that were assigned two different songs, which were Root and Engine no.9 by Deftones. Before we played the metal music to the participants, their heart rate, pulse rate, systolic pressure and diastolic pressure were measured and recorded. All participants were asked to listen to their song for 30 seconds long, then their heart rate and blood pressure were measured and the data was collected immediately. We later measured their heart rate and blood pressure after the song ends every two minutes until the minute ten. To make the samples more credible, the final recorded data of every participant was the average of three measurements. After the data collection, we measure the relationship of how metal music could affect heart rate and blood pressure by analyzing and comparing the data. The independent variable in the experiment is the time participants are exposed to heavy metal music, while the dependent variables in the experiment are the heart rate and blood pressure level of the participants. In the end we calculated the mean of heart rate and blood pressure for all five data sets and made paired t-tests and graphs.

Result

The p-value of t-test on the pulse rate data is 4.93E-6. For the blood pressure test, t-tests for systolic and diastolic pressure had results of 0.16 and 0.41. For all the t-tests the sample size is 23. Based on the graphs, the average value of pulse rate of the participants changed the most from minute zero to minute zero point five, the average value of blood pressure changed the most after minute four.

Discussion

The hypothesis for the experiment was that listening to heavy metal music accelerates pulse rate and blood pressure. Since the p-value of t-test is 4.93E-6 for the pulse rate data, the null hypothesis can be rejected and it can be concluded that listening to heavy metal music does have imminent effect on pulse rate. However, the t-test results for systolic and diastolic pressure are 0.16 and 0.41, therefore the null hypothesis cannot be reject for these two sets of data, and the conclusion is there is no firm proof that there is a relationship between blood pressure change and listening to heavy metal music.

The t-tests showed that there is no confidence saying listening to heavy metal music has effect on blood pressure. However, the t-tests were against the zero minute and zero point five minute columns, while the main fluctuation happened post four minute mark. Therefore there is reason to wonder if the fluctuation of blood pressure after minute four is related to the music played at minute zero.

A previous work does support our hypothesis. This experiment set up three groups to test the effect of different music type on heart rate and blood pressure. Rock, classical, and no music are the treatments for each group. The result showed that rock music did accelerate heart rate but did not increase blood pressure of the participants compared to their baseline heart rate and blood pressure and the no music group.

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