Mass media's influence on Western political-essay代写

留学生essay代写精选范文：“Mass media's influence on Western political”，这篇论文讨论了大众媒体对西方政治的影响。在西方国家，大众媒体经常会对政界进行采访报道，它对西方政治的影响是非常大的。在言论自由的情况下，大众媒体可以对政治家们进行正面或者反面的评论。当然，政治家们也可以借助大众媒体进行宣传或者凑款等活动。

Political communication through the mass media in the West is not a new thing. In the more liberal Western, mass media were free of politicians scandal news is revealed and reported that politicians can also be publicity through the media and fundraising. Therefore, in the development of mass media in media technology has played an irreplaceable role in the politics of the West.

Operation of the political process is the right process, under the influence of various factors, and the mass media is undoubtedly one of the most important factors. Yet the mass media's influence on Western political is not easy, but with the development of mass media and growing.

In the United States, for example, widely used late in the 1940 of the 20th century TV in the United States, 50 's popularity in other countries. Radio about 20 years ahead of TV only. Prints can be considered the long history of term political mass communication methods and other things. But even printed, it establish contact with a great deal of public history is less than 100 years. Only in print can be considered the long history of political and other methods of mass communication. But even printed, it establish contact with a great deal of public history is less than 100 years. In urban communities, we must first achieve mass literacy, which in the late 19th century has not yet appeared in the United States. Until 1900, the newspaper didn't really become a big industry in the United States.

In the 1880 of the 19th century and the 90's, the newspaper has a circulation of tremendous growth for the first time, when he started fastest-growing in the United States urban population growth rate. At about the same time, the newspaper changed its strong political factionalism, into an independent editor position. Edit view rarely held together with partisan business, the News reported more commonly with edit comments (either partisan or personal) phase separation. Along with this development, or is to promote the development and popularization of news content, that they often reduce the importance of serious political news. This seems to be inevitable feature of newspaper circulation is large. But that doesn't mean newspapers are no longer as a means of political communication that provides information to voters. Now, they are less politically divided public rather than to those less partisan newspapers circulation of information provided by the sponsor. In other words, the newspaper became a full-fledged mass media.

Thus, almost the entire 20th century, political parties and candidates are having to adjust themselves to fit at least on political is a powerful means of mass communication. They do not monopolize the means to establish contact with a large number of voters. Politicians often and not only unfriendly editing against policy, and regardless of whether the newspaper-friendly, they also have to try to use newspapers to publish news and advertising to contact voters. For example: President of the United States as early as Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson, were deliberately trying to exert their pressure on Washington publishing company. President's Press Conference appeared to be a powerful means of political communication, especially with regard to fulankelin·luofusi.

Even the authorized organization of the party in power to large American cities or when highly developed in the European Social Democratic Party way, mass media and party members at present. Recognition of these does not and the views on the growing importance of the mass media contradicts. It just requires people not some ridiculous idea, namely that just recently the mass media for political purposes. Also requested not to produce an almost equally absurd belief that mass media more and more used to eliminate political party organizations. All this means, modern communications technology, along with the social conditions in which they work, now allows the mass media influence voters this multi-agency stand out, become more and more important. Followed will be party members become relatively unimportant, but it does not mean they will disappear.

Right now, most political functions of mass media could be the United States, both because of America's highly-developed technology, as well as the Organization of American political parties because of its inherent weaknesses. Which may have contributed to American political party organization's reliance on the mass media, but also the effectiveness of political parties can be said to be the media becomes less important. The two interpretations are not absolutely desirable. Basic social change soon attracted means recession and the rise of the media. The United States, this view in the 1948 election one of the most important points in the study. Voters are believed to have become less vulnerable to political parties used to impact and vulnerability through the mass media influence of candidate-centered campaigns. There is even a small number of powerful evidence that television is more effective than the work of party organizations. A detailed study of the political activities in Detroit shows, a lot of exposure to TV but did not have any contact with the party organization of citizens, more than any other is not as much exposure to TV and party organizations contact citizens have a higher percentage of votes making sense, it shows that television can play a better role than the party itself. Maybe newspapers is more useful in this regard, in particular, well-educated citizens, it is known that their guide to print more strongly than guided by radio, but seemed to have potential implications on the TV, because updates can influence to a wider audience.

The nature of TV as well as radio, the audience is in does not have membership in case they are affected. Radio and television whether privately owned or Government-owned, they content than the modern mass-circulation newspaper has a completely unable to distinguish from political audiences. This did not prevent one of the parties, especially the ruling party, more effective, more frequently than the other parties access to broadcasting facilities. But it does mean that radio and television institution to avoid the financing of political parties. From this point of view, and older rely mainly on newspaper sponsored the formation of two extreme, those old newspaper readers are usually self-professed followers of a party organization. Through radio and television, politicians can even with neutral voters link party is part of the team. However, types of readers, such opportunities and advertise in large circulation newspapers between providing opportunities, there is no fundamental difference between those partisan newspapers in terms of attracting readers may have little meaning.

More stark difference is that radio and television makes it possible to directly attract. Relative to the newspapers, politicians, through radio and television establishing more direct contact with voters. Especially TV, are face to face communication with the public. Candidates to attract voters through television is often better than a local party activist lobbying access to the total number of voters was much more. However studies have shown that, in times of political campaigns, communication through the mass media have a vote on the changes are minimal. But we also can't deny the communication capacity of the mass media, because there is no unquestionable evidence that a large number of votes were lobbied to change those voters stand to win.

New media technologies and mass organizations to provide alternative campaign methods for degree, can be observed on funding of political parties. In General, the party usually has two ways to raise money. First way is received large contributions from wealthy; the second is from a lot of people in the conventional way of charging up. Some party organizations both methods are used, but the first method is usually the main approaches to business-oriented right-wing political party, and the second is generally typical of the Socialist Workers Party. For the latter, and to compete with other parties, must have a lot of party members. However, the party itself only the party of the working class and corporate donations part of matching funds. The remaining proportion is fewer voluntary contributions from members. In mass media the publicity costs is not required when a Socialist Party may rely on paying it really works very well. Then only European people's Party in size and components of the campaign are in peak condition.

But only for a brief period. Right-wing political party basically continues to develop in this way. Instead, when they began to use new media technologies, they began raising a lot of money from the donors, for mass media campaigns to woo the voters ' votes. Although the financial situation of the concerned political parties data are not readily available, but there is still some evidence to support that conclusion. While British Conservatives do not disclose their Bill, but he was aware of its financial situation: it cost well beyond membership dues income. This is happening in the constituency, but also in the national party. We even answer this question: for the Tories, method of collecting dues what not to buy? Recent European right-wing parties behind the Fund-raising practices of the assumption would be that this approach can successfully adapt to new elections need expensive means, although it is only non-socialist practices for a long time expansion in terms of size. If this is correct, then mass political party funding approach is not suitable for the same purpose. Now rely almost entirely on dues competition but the Socialist Party has been the financial better opponent, although there are other reasons for their failure, but their rivals in the quest for victory while absorbing extra funds beyond membership dues is one of the very important reasons.

To sum up, media technology development not only has brought earth-shaking changes in life, also brought a new political period in the West. Perhaps it is the mass media technology to promote the development of the Western political system development and health, and to promote the progress of Western democratic thought.

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