Unemployment in China -美国留学essay代写

留学生留学essay范文：“Unemployment in China”。本篇文章是一篇分析中国失业率的论文。随着中国经济增长速度的放缓，经济稳健增长的形式不容乐观，系统性风险不断加深；在产业转型升级的过程中，从落后产业中淘汰出来的大量原本就业人口失去工作，失业率的增加对于中国这个人口大国来说更加致命。Considering with the social and economic development of China, unemployment is becoming a situation worth studying. In recent years, Chinese people are faced with severe employment challenges regardless of the numerous policies and measures taken by the Chinese government and social partners for promoting employment . In this research paper, the main types and causes of the unemployment in China are going to be analyzed in the first place. After that the strategic measures of enlarging employment through analyzing our country’s present employment background will be put forward. In the end, the proper conclusion combined with real requirement about the research will come out to make this research paper watertight.

Historically, from 2008 until 2012, China unemployment rate averaged 4.15 percent reaching an all time high of 4.30 percent in December of 2008 and a record low of 3.90 percent in September of 2002. The next more than ten years is a key period of the new of the reform and open policy. A large number of rural labor force flood into to urban for job and urban residents at the proper working-age also need jobs, which makes this decade in China face with great employment pressure.

1. Main types and causes of the unemployment in China 

There are five main types of the unemployment situation exists in China and causes of them are consistent with the actual conditions of China and the features of times. 

Let’s begin with the frictional unemployment, which is one of the main types of unemployment in China. The primary cause of frictional unemployment is inadequate information. For quite some time in the past, China had a structure of highly-centralized planned economy, in which the labor market is imperfect developed with employment information occlusion. For this reason, Job seekers can't find the right job as soon as possible, which made it difficult to adapt to the needs of the market economy. Under these specific national conditions, frictional unemployment exists in China. 

The second type of the unemployment in China is the structural unemployment. Along with the further economic development, China will restructure the industry and make it more competitive. New economical industry emerges unceasingly meanwhile those old industries have been eliminated. In a limited resource constraints such as budget constraints, technology limitations, scarcity of talent and so on, the property is empty in china, which caused a large number of enterprise employees laid off.

In addition, cyclical unemployment is also a main pattern which exists as an unemployment type in China. At present, due to the acceleration of market reforms, people are reluctant to spend rashly, and it leads to slack demand. At the same time, the agricultural product market downturn and difficult position of the township enterprises’ development restrain the growth of the farmers' income. What’s more, the wealth of excessive concentration caused by the wealth gap will lead to under-consumption and overcapacity. As a result, oversupply, Weak commodity prices, insufficient production ability all reduce job opportunities and formed the current cyclical unemployment situation.

The unique type in China’s unemployment which is also with noticing is that labor market supply exceeds demand. Huge population in China creates a large number of labor forces, and labor supply has grown faster than the demand for labor. Moreover, after the founding of new China, the fundamental plan is pursuing the prior development strategy of heavy industries, which caused great imbalance of industrial structure, brought a hidden trouble of future large-scale unemployment.

Last but not the least, the recessive unemployment is also one of the type need to be considered about. Before economic reforms began, the number of employees in the state enterprises was always more than the actual need, which caused the low-productivity and poor-efficiency. Along with the pursuing of efficiency in market economy requirements later, considerable staff reductions is needed and millions of the unemployed flow to the labor market. Therefore there were a large number of laid-off workers in the society and recessive unemployment is becoming dominant.

2. Strategic measures of enlarging employment 

After analyzing the types and causes of the unemployment situation in China, let’s turn to the strategic measures that adopted to cope with the situation. Notice that to accelerate economic development as well as expand the scale of employment and to keep sustained and rapid growth of national economy are always the basic way to solve the unemployment problem. 

There are several specific methods to solve the problem of unemployment. In the first place, improving economic development of the rural areas of China, which can make positive effect in the transfer of rural surplus labor force, is worth considering about. China is an agricultural country and agriculture is the foundation of national economy. Therefore, actively promoting the development of agriculture and rural economy is an effective method to accommodate the massive surplus labor force. The government should accelerate development of rural infrastructure and formulate corresponding policies and measures in order to correctly plan and guide rural development.

Next, another method people can use is to adjust the industrial spatial layout, narrow the economic gap between different regions. The industrial transition from east to west and from urban to rural areas is essential to drive the development of remote rural area, and then make the development of rural-urban integration as well as the eastern and western common development step by step. This method can also free up economy room for the development of high-tech industries in the eastern area of China. As a result, with the common development of rural and urban, eastern and western, more jobs will be created.

Furthermore, development of tertiary industry is definitely an efficient way to absorb more labor force and alleviate employment pressure. The tertiary industry is the area with strong ability of labor force absorption. To cultivate and develop the tertiary industry, and to devote more efforts into the development of industrials with more potentials, can make China meet the needs of employment pressure, so as to expand employment capacity and create more jobs.

Finally, the government should encourage the input in education and establish profession training system to increase the human capital investment, improve laborer quality and strengthen the employers' capacity for work. By the way, to standardize labor market and to promote the rational flow of labor force is also important because a unified, open and good normative market order in the labor market is the guarantee for labor flow. Therefore the government needs to speed up the construction of Labor market, establish and perfect the labor market service system and the labor market information network.

3. Conclusion generated from the analysis of unemployment in China 

Unemployment is more than an economic problem; it is also a common international issue. Great changes, especially the severe employment pressure, have take place in the economic and social structures of our country in the process of gradually establishing socialist market economic system. The paper combines with China's special national conditions, drills down into the current situation and causes of China’s unemployment. According to Chinese situation, the government should produce economic development strategy and implemented a more active employment policy, in order to effectively promote a coordinated development in economy and society in China.-w

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