服务承诺
资金托管
原创保证
实力保障
24小时客服
使命必达
51Due提供Essay，Paper，Report，Assignment等学科作业的代写与辅导，同时涵盖Personal Statement，转学申请等留学文书代写。
51Due将让你达成学业目标51Due将让你达成学业目标51Due将让你达成学业目标51Due将让你达成学业目标私人订制你的未来职场 世界名企，高端行业岗位等 在新的起点上实现更高水平的发展
积累工作经验
多元化文化交流
专业实操技能
建立人际资源圈Compare and contrast absolute and relative poverty---Essay代写范文
2016-08-23 来源: 51Due教员组 类别: Essay范文
Essay代写范文：Compare and contrast absolute and relative poverty这篇Essay范文讲述了贫困是一个十分复杂的问题，贫困是经济，社会，贫穷落后文化的普遍现象。贫困既有经济因素，也非经济因素。世界各国政府是如何应对贫困问题的积极讨论。贫困确实是所有的政府遍布在未来世界的一大挑战。政治家应积极参与消除贫困的战略。只有这样，才能让人民受益。
1. Introduction
Poverty is regarded as a very complex issue, in accordance with the general theory of economics. In addition, poverty is the general phenomenon of economy, society and culture of poverty and backwardness(Baulch, 1996). Poverty has both economic factors and also non-economic factors. However, the latter is usually overlooked. For the poverty issue, it should be comprehensively studied from the aspects of economy, society, politics, culture. Nowadays, each government in the world is in the positive discussion on how to deal with poverty problem.
This paper will give a brief description of absolute poverty and relative poverty. And it will put emphasis on the comparison of absolute poverty and relative poverty. Also the paper will recommend on how to eliminate poverty. In the last , it can be concluded that people have still a long way to the ideal world.
2. The definition of poverty
2.1Economic definition of poverty
From an economic perspective, poverty is a living state caused by the lack of revenues. Similar definition is that poverty lacks the ability to meet the minimum standards of living(Blank &Rebecca, 2000).The definition of a minimum standard of living is relatively easy; besides, the poverty line used to measure poverty internationally.
2.2 Economic - social definition of poverty
In Western countries, the definitions of poverty contains more contents. It is commonly believed that those individuals, families or communities who lack a variety of food, participation in social activities and the most basic living and the resource of social conditions are poor(Broda, Christian, Ephraim Leibtag &David. Weinstein. ,2009). European Commission hold the view that poverty should be understood in that way that resources of individuals, families and groups are so limited that they are excluded from member state where they can receive hardly minimum way of life. In recent years, the World Bank in anti-poverty has also pointed out that poverty is not only in economic terms, but also in health, culture and society. As a result, poverty has comprehensive features(Chen, Shaohua, and Martin Ravallion. 2001). As a matter of fact, poverty is regarded to the lifestyle related to low-income, and some even think that the person without decent lives in society can be described as poverty.
3. The type of poverty
Poverty is a complex social phenomenon, which can be understood and classified from a different perspective.
3.1 Absolute poverty
Absolute poverty means that under certain social mode of production and lifestyle,individuals and families depending on their labor income and other legal income can still not meet their basic survival needs, and such as families or individuals are called the poor or poor households(Diener, 2000).From the production side, labor lacks of material conditions of reproduction, which is difficult to simply re-product .
The producer can only make atrophic reproduction. From the consumption,it is hard to meet the basic human needs of clothing, food and housing.Absolute poverty is the most serious poverty.
3.2 Relative poverty
Relative poverty is the presented situation compared with a standard of living. Not all the formation of the shortages can be relative poverty after comparing with the standard of living. Besides, it also refers to the difference between social classes and all sectors of the internal.In poverty studies, it means that although income can maintain basic survival needs, compared with the general standard of living, it is still in low situation. In other words, relative poverty is a state of poverty, better than absolute poverty.
4. The comparison of absolute poverty and relative poverty
4.1 In the aspects of definition
In defining the concept of poverty, the most common practice is to divide into absolute poverty and relative poverty. we need to give a more detailed explanation after comparing them.
Absolute poverty is mainly based on nutritional standards law,that is to say, the standard division is judged by the minimum nutritional standards. Measurement method of relative poverty, also known as the consumption standard, which is members of the society in general minimum consumption required for normal social activities as a division of standard. The consumption of food includes not only the achievement of the required minimum nutritional standards, also the other necessities to participate in basic social activities. Frankly speaking, there should be a problem in the definition. According to this definition, it seems that if one person or one family has the ability to meet minimum nutritional levels of food, they would not in absolute poverty(Orshansky& Mollie. 1965). Actually, a person not only needs money to eat belly, but also they need money to use in other aspects, such as, clothes, housing, activities to maintain a normal life to a minimum extent.In other words, the definition of absolute poverty is below the standard of absolute poverty(Meyer, Bruce & James, Sullivan.2011).
From the foregoing, it is incorrect that to distinguish absolute poverty and relative poverty from nutritional standards and consumer criteria. Absolute poverty line should be involved in the consumption besides nutrition. Generally speaking, the distinction is that the absolute poverty is determined by the actual living conditions.; and relative poverty is based on statistical criteria to determine.Compared with the average level of society, it can be judged whether people can meet the needs for survivals.In any case, the relative poverty is always related to the average standard of living of a society.
4.2 In the aspect of cognition
Absolute poverty are often more vulnerable to people's attention. Because absolute poverty is often associated with shortage of food and clothes, sleeping in the streets, malnourished situation, pale and thin, begging, even illness and death. Currently there are 2.8 billion people in the world earning less than $ 2 a day, accounting for more than half of the population in developing countries, where 1.2 billion people earn less than $ 1 a day.The problem of relative poverty is not as shocking as that of the absolute poverty.
In 1995, 41 percent of poor households have their own homes. The average poor family has three bedrooms, 1.5 bathrooms, a parking room, a balcony or a patio.More than 750,000 poor people have the value of more than 150,000 U.S. Dollars of residential housing , of which nearly 200,000 poor people ore than 300,000 U.S. dollars(Bardhan, 1996).Seventy percent of poor households have their own cars, of which 27% have two or more; 97 percent of poor households have a color television, in which nearly half of the households have two or more. The poor in America is fatter than that of the middle class. Because children from poor families actually eat more meat. At the same time, the protein intake is higher than the normal standard.
4.3 In the aspect of social psychology
Relative poverty is often known as the formation of a sense of relative deprivation of social psychology.This is an example to others or other groups, forming the psychological as the feeling reference. Compared with the surrounding neighbors, his feelings may be strongly influence people's attitudes and behavior. And people form discontent due to poverty, rather mainly from absolute poverty than relative poverty. That is to say, it is from the comparison with others. There is a noteworthy phenomenon that a country in the period of rapid economic growth is often accompanied by more than social unrest than before(Schwartzman & Simon, 1998).This phenomenon in many developing countries have appeared. It can be explained that In the period of rapid economic growth, people's expectations will rapidly increase. It will will form a gap between the expectations of the rapid development and the actual level of satisfaction, which leads to a frustration. It is this sense of frustration that becomes a source of social instability.
Under the same background, there are two factors can not be ignored: the first is relative deprivation. In the period of rapid economic growth, rapid changes in the economic and social conditions, and social differentiation will continue to increase,especially in the original position belonging to the same class. In other words, person might almost opened a big gap in this process of differentiation.Thus, the contrast will be more intense. The formation of relative deprivation will be stronger;second factor is that, although most people's income will increase in the period of rapid economic growth, for some people, they will also pay a higher price at the same time.
4.4 In the aspect of measurement
Absolute poverty standard is in accordance with the location and time, which has characteristics of obvious country and phase. National poverty line is often used by official national provisions in accordance with their specific national conditions (Banerjee, Abhijit & Esther Duflo, 2007).And there are a lot of differences due to different countries.Poverty line set by the world is different, but the fact is based on principles and should be identical.Similarly, the poverty line will change over time.But this is mainly caused by food price changes.
According to the definition of relative poverty and absolute poverty,the former in any country or region will exist, easing and difficult to eliminate. The main purpose of exploring this issue is how to control it in a relatively safer society. They are different but related: When the relative poverty of the population increases, the lowest level of absolute poverty of population may also increase. And absolute poverty of the population may reduce, which may significantly reduce the income gap between the rich and the poor.
5.Conclusion
The division of absolute poverty and relative poverty can clearly reflects the poor type closed to the critical point of the most basic human survivals. Although different countries have different definitions of relative poverty, the determination of absolute poverty plays an important part in alleviating and maintaining the basic rights to survive. Poverty is indeed a big challenge for all the governments all over the world in the future. Politicians should actively participate in the strategy of overcoming poverty. Only in this way can people get benefited.
51Due原创版权郑重声明：原创范文源自编辑创作，未经官方许可，网站谢绝转载。对于侵权行为，未经同意的情况下，51Due有权追究法律责任。
51due为留学生提供最好的作业代写服务，想获取更多Essay代写范文，亲们可以进入主页 www.51due.com 为留学生提供essay辅导服务，了解详情可以咨询我们的客服QQ:800020041哟。-lc
1. Introduction
Poverty is regarded as a very complex issue, in accordance with the general theory of economics. In addition, poverty is the general phenomenon of economy, society and culture of poverty and backwardness(Baulch, 1996). Poverty has both economic factors and also non-economic factors. However, the latter is usually overlooked. For the poverty issue, it should be comprehensively studied from the aspects of economy, society, politics, culture. Nowadays, each government in the world is in the positive discussion on how to deal with poverty problem.
This paper will give a brief description of absolute poverty and relative poverty. And it will put emphasis on the comparison of absolute poverty and relative poverty. Also the paper will recommend on how to eliminate poverty. In the last , it can be concluded that people have still a long way to the ideal world.
2. The definition of poverty
2.1Economic definition of poverty
From an economic perspective, poverty is a living state caused by the lack of revenues. Similar definition is that poverty lacks the ability to meet the minimum standards of living(Blank &Rebecca, 2000).The definition of a minimum standard of living is relatively easy; besides, the poverty line used to measure poverty internationally.
2.2 Economic - social definition of poverty
In Western countries, the definitions of poverty contains more contents. It is commonly believed that those individuals, families or communities who lack a variety of food, participation in social activities and the most basic living and the resource of social conditions are poor(Broda, Christian, Ephraim Leibtag &David. Weinstein. ,2009). European Commission hold the view that poverty should be understood in that way that resources of individuals, families and groups are so limited that they are excluded from member state where they can receive hardly minimum way of life. In recent years, the World Bank in anti-poverty has also pointed out that poverty is not only in economic terms, but also in health, culture and society. As a result, poverty has comprehensive features(Chen, Shaohua, and Martin Ravallion. 2001). As a matter of fact, poverty is regarded to the lifestyle related to low-income, and some even think that the person without decent lives in society can be described as poverty.
3. The type of poverty
Poverty is a complex social phenomenon, which can be understood and classified from a different perspective.
3.1 Absolute poverty
Absolute poverty means that under certain social mode of production and lifestyle,individuals and families depending on their labor income and other legal income can still not meet their basic survival needs, and such as families or individuals are called the poor or poor households(Diener, 2000).From the production side, labor lacks of material conditions of reproduction, which is difficult to simply re-product .
The producer can only make atrophic reproduction. From the consumption,it is hard to meet the basic human needs of clothing, food and housing.Absolute poverty is the most serious poverty.
3.2 Relative poverty
Relative poverty is the presented situation compared with a standard of living. Not all the formation of the shortages can be relative poverty after comparing with the standard of living. Besides, it also refers to the difference between social classes and all sectors of the internal.In poverty studies, it means that although income can maintain basic survival needs, compared with the general standard of living, it is still in low situation. In other words, relative poverty is a state of poverty, better than absolute poverty.
4. The comparison of absolute poverty and relative poverty
4.1 In the aspects of definition
In defining the concept of poverty, the most common practice is to divide into absolute poverty and relative poverty. we need to give a more detailed explanation after comparing them.
Absolute poverty is mainly based on nutritional standards law,that is to say, the standard division is judged by the minimum nutritional standards. Measurement method of relative poverty, also known as the consumption standard, which is members of the society in general minimum consumption required for normal social activities as a division of standard. The consumption of food includes not only the achievement of the required minimum nutritional standards, also the other necessities to participate in basic social activities. Frankly speaking, there should be a problem in the definition. According to this definition, it seems that if one person or one family has the ability to meet minimum nutritional levels of food, they would not in absolute poverty(Orshansky& Mollie. 1965). Actually, a person not only needs money to eat belly, but also they need money to use in other aspects, such as, clothes, housing, activities to maintain a normal life to a minimum extent.In other words, the definition of absolute poverty is below the standard of absolute poverty(Meyer, Bruce & James, Sullivan.2011).
From the foregoing, it is incorrect that to distinguish absolute poverty and relative poverty from nutritional standards and consumer criteria. Absolute poverty line should be involved in the consumption besides nutrition. Generally speaking, the distinction is that the absolute poverty is determined by the actual living conditions.; and relative poverty is based on statistical criteria to determine.Compared with the average level of society, it can be judged whether people can meet the needs for survivals.In any case, the relative poverty is always related to the average standard of living of a society.
4.2 In the aspect of cognition
Absolute poverty are often more vulnerable to people's attention. Because absolute poverty is often associated with shortage of food and clothes, sleeping in the streets, malnourished situation, pale and thin, begging, even illness and death. Currently there are 2.8 billion people in the world earning less than $ 2 a day, accounting for more than half of the population in developing countries, where 1.2 billion people earn less than $ 1 a day.The problem of relative poverty is not as shocking as that of the absolute poverty.
In 1995, 41 percent of poor households have their own homes. The average poor family has three bedrooms, 1.5 bathrooms, a parking room, a balcony or a patio.More than 750,000 poor people have the value of more than 150,000 U.S. Dollars of residential housing , of which nearly 200,000 poor people ore than 300,000 U.S. dollars(Bardhan, 1996).Seventy percent of poor households have their own cars, of which 27% have two or more; 97 percent of poor households have a color television, in which nearly half of the households have two or more. The poor in America is fatter than that of the middle class. Because children from poor families actually eat more meat. At the same time, the protein intake is higher than the normal standard.
4.3 In the aspect of social psychology
Relative poverty is often known as the formation of a sense of relative deprivation of social psychology.This is an example to others or other groups, forming the psychological as the feeling reference. Compared with the surrounding neighbors, his feelings may be strongly influence people's attitudes and behavior. And people form discontent due to poverty, rather mainly from absolute poverty than relative poverty. That is to say, it is from the comparison with others. There is a noteworthy phenomenon that a country in the period of rapid economic growth is often accompanied by more than social unrest than before(Schwartzman & Simon, 1998).This phenomenon in many developing countries have appeared. It can be explained that In the period of rapid economic growth, people's expectations will rapidly increase. It will will form a gap between the expectations of the rapid development and the actual level of satisfaction, which leads to a frustration. It is this sense of frustration that becomes a source of social instability.
Under the same background, there are two factors can not be ignored: the first is relative deprivation. In the period of rapid economic growth, rapid changes in the economic and social conditions, and social differentiation will continue to increase,especially in the original position belonging to the same class. In other words, person might almost opened a big gap in this process of differentiation.Thus, the contrast will be more intense. The formation of relative deprivation will be stronger;second factor is that, although most people's income will increase in the period of rapid economic growth, for some people, they will also pay a higher price at the same time.
4.4 In the aspect of measurement
Absolute poverty standard is in accordance with the location and time, which has characteristics of obvious country and phase. National poverty line is often used by official national provisions in accordance with their specific national conditions (Banerjee, Abhijit & Esther Duflo, 2007).And there are a lot of differences due to different countries.Poverty line set by the world is different, but the fact is based on principles and should be identical.Similarly, the poverty line will change over time.But this is mainly caused by food price changes.
According to the definition of relative poverty and absolute poverty,the former in any country or region will exist, easing and difficult to eliminate. The main purpose of exploring this issue is how to control it in a relatively safer society. They are different but related: When the relative poverty of the population increases, the lowest level of absolute poverty of population may also increase. And absolute poverty of the population may reduce, which may significantly reduce the income gap between the rich and the poor.
5.Conclusion
The division of absolute poverty and relative poverty can clearly reflects the poor type closed to the critical point of the most basic human survivals. Although different countries have different definitions of relative poverty, the determination of absolute poverty plays an important part in alleviating and maintaining the basic rights to survive. Poverty is indeed a big challenge for all the governments all over the world in the future. Politicians should actively participate in the strategy of overcoming poverty. Only in this way can people get benefited.
51Due原创版权郑重声明：原创范文源自编辑创作，未经官方许可，网站谢绝转载。对于侵权行为，未经同意的情况下，51Due有权追究法律责任。
51due为留学生提供最好的作业代写服务，想获取更多Essay代写范文，亲们可以进入主页 www.51due.com 为留学生提供essay辅导服务，了解详情可以咨询我们的客服QQ:800020041哟。-lc
