Robinson the forerunner of the modern businessman--论文代写范文

51Due论文代写平台essay代写范文:“Robinson  the forerunner of the modern businessman”，这篇论文主要描述的是《鲁宾逊漂流记》是一部伟大的文学作品，得到了众多读者以及文学家的高度赞赏，它对于世界商界的发展来说有着深远的影响，它描绘出一个资本家在充满个人主义和自由主义的启蒙时期，是如何依靠个人智慧去冒险和追求更多的财富，其中鲁宾逊的那种不屈不饶的冒险精神值得当代的企业家所学习。

Robinson Crusoe is undoubtedly one of the best-known works of literature of all-time. It has been greatly influencing the literature world. It is regarded as one of the most influential literary works among Chinese young students and ranked most classical literary works since it’s coming out. Therefore, it has been deeply satisfied to many readers and was highly appreciated by many experts. The editor of Robinson Crusoe remarked, “If ever the story of any private mans adventures in the world worth making public, and were acceptable when publish, the editor of this account thinks this will be.” (Daniel Defoe. 1960:1)

The story of Robinson Crusoe is based on the adventures of Scottish buccaneer Alexander Selkirk. Robinson Crusoe is the story of a shipwrecked sailor who is washed ashore on an isolated island. There, he begins a long and arduous struggle for survival, trying to make his lonely existence a little more pleasant. He manages to survive for four years and four months. Finally he was discovered by a famous navigator Lodge and came back to England in 1771.

Daniel Defoe (1660-1731) has been well known as the writer of Robinson Crusoe among readers of different generations all over the world. He was a prolific writer (over 370 known publications). This novel has often been taken as an adventure story by common readers, and while critics usually emphasize its portrayal of the development of capitalism. The literature value of the novel is undoubted. It is Daniel Defoe’s masterpiece. He is one of the greatest writers in world. He was regarded as the founder of realistic novel of the Enlightenments of England.

Ⅱ. The Major Characteristics of Robinson Crusoe and His Pioneering Role

2.1 Courage and Passion

2.1.1 The Embodiment of Courage and Passion in Robinson Crusoe

Most of us have a dream about our life, jobs and status. But few of us are really satisfied with our current situation. Most of us find that it is very difficult to realize our dream because of the hard situation in reality. Robinson Crusoe also has these kinds of problems. However, few of us have the courage to make any change. That’s why most of us can hardly make any progress. But once Robinson Crusoe had a dream, nothing can impede him.

When he was a child, he got the strong will to go to sea. But his parents didn’t support him and insisted to convince him to forget this stupid idea and go apprentice to trade, or clerk to an attorney. His father called him one morning into his chamber. Where he confined by the gout, and expostulated very warmly Robinson Crusoe upon this subject. The father asked him what reasons more a mere wandering inclination he had for leaving his father’s house and his native country, where he might be well introduced, and had a prospect of raising his fortunes application and industry, with a life of ease and pleasure. The father told him it was for men of desperate fortunes on one hand, or of aspiring, superior fortunes on the other, who went abroad upon adventures, to rise by enterprise, and make themselves famous in undertakings of a nature out of the common road; that these things were all either too far above him, or what might be called the upper station of low life, which the father found by long experience was the best state in the world, the most suited to human happiness, not exposed to the miseries and hardships. The labor and sufferings of the mechanic part of mankind are not embarrassed with the pride, luxury, ambition and envy of the upper part of mankind.

Losing two of his three sons, Robinson Crusoe’s father would certainly not allow his only beloved son going to sea and suffering miseries. He pressed Robinson earnestly, and in the most affectionate manner, not to precipitate himself miseries which nature and the station of life he was born in. seemed to have provided against; that he was under no necessity of seeking his bread; that the father would do well for him, and endeavor to enter Robinson fairly into the station of life which the father been just recommending to him.

Being an obedient child and due to the love of his father, Robinson was hesitant at once. But he finally chose the life he wanted and broke away from the life of ease and pleasures.

By the 2nd time he went to sea again, he was a rich and thriving man with a plantation in Brazil. He had lived almost four years in Brazil and had not only learned the language, but had contracted acquaintance and friendship among his fellow-planters, as well as among the merchants at St. Salvadore, which was an important port.

This was a fair proposal it must be confessed, had it been made to one that not had a settlement and plantation of his own to look after, which was in a fair way of coming to be very considerable, and with a good stock upon it. But for Robinson that was thus entered and established, and had nothing to do but go on as he had begun for three of four years more, and to have sent for the other hundred pound from England, and who in that time, and with that little addition, could scarce had failed of being worth three or four thousand pounds sterling. And that increasing too; For him to think of such a voyage, was the most preposterous thing that ever man in such circumstances could be guilty of. But finally he sailed again. He just couldn’t stop himself from going to sea. Because that was his interest and life he wanted.

Any one who wants to succeed must have such passion on their jobs or careers as Robinson’s passion for going to sea. If they are not interested in their current jobs at all, they must take courage to stop wasting their time on such things and focus on the right things. This is the foundation of achieving success.

2.1.2 Comparing with Contemporary Successful Businessman —Michael Dell

Courage and passion are vivid embodied in Robinson Crusoe. It’s still affecting the following successful businessman.

Michael Dell is the chairman and chief executive officer (C.E.O) of Dell Computer Corp. Which he founded in 1984 with $1,000 and an innovative idea: selling computer systems directly to customers. By using this approach, Dell has made itself one of the world’s most preferred computer systems’ companies and a chief provider of products and service needed in information technology and Internet infrastructure. In 18 years, the company’s sales have grown to $31.2 billion for the past year.

At his time, anyone who didn’t have a Pc wanted one, but dealers were selling them at a hasty markup. People wanted low-cost machines custom-made to their needs, and these were not readily available. Why should dealers get such a big markup for so little added value? Dell wondered. Why not sell from the manufacturer directly to the end user? Dell placed local advertisements offering his customized computers at 15 percent off retail price. Soon he was selling to businesses, doctor’s offices and law firms.

Dell’s parents told him they were concerned about his grades. “If you want to start a business, do it after you get your degree.” His father said.

Dell followed his father’s advice. But he felt the opportunity of a lifetime was passing by. “I couldn’t bear to miss this chance,” he says. After one month he started selling computers again——with a vengeance.

The quarter he shared with two roommates looked like a combat zone: boxes piled high, computer boards and tools scattered around. One day his roommates heaped all his equipment into a pile, preventing Dell from entering his room.

Over spring recess, Dell confessed to his parents that he was still in the computer business. He told his parents he must quit school. “I want to compete with IBM,” he said.

Compare with IBM? Now his parents were really worried. But no matter what they said, Dell stuck fast.

Dell’s pace was frantic. He rented a one-room office on a month-to-month lease and hired his first employee, a 28-year-old manager to handle finance and administration. He still specialized in direct marketing of stripped-down IBM PCs to which he added custom features. As orders came in, Dell rushed around gathering up the right part assemble each order. First month he sales topped $180,000; the second, $265,000. Within a year, he was selling 1,000 PCs a month. He made a great success.

Courage and Passion were obviously embodied on Michael Dell. He is a brave man, he knew what he really want to do and knew what he really interested in. The nonsupport of his parents and the misunderstanding of his roommates and friends couldn’t stop him. He gave up his course and suffered from the great pressure of society, strove for his dream with passion, which is the reason why he finally got the great achievements. He became the chairman and chief executive officer (C.E.O) of Dell Computer Corp, one of the biggest computer companies in the world.

In this aspect, Dell and Robinson Crusoe are similar. They are brave and strive for their dream with passion. They have the same characteristic. Robinson’s pioneering role is obviously.

2.2. Reason

2.2.1 The Embodiment of Reason in Robinson Crusoe

Being the sole survivor, with nothing about him except a knife, a tobacco-pipe and little tobacco, Robinson was thrown into terrible agonies of mind that for a while he run about likes a madman. But he was still rational.

He started to about a furlong from the shore and found fresh water. It was quite an important thing in such cases. After drinking some fresh water, he put a little tobacco in his mouth to prevent hunger. Then he went to a tree, and getting up into it. He endeavored to place himself so as that if he should sleep he might not fall. Having cut himself a short stick, like a truncheon, for his defense, he took up his lodging. Having been excessively fatigued, he fell fast asleep, and sleep as comfortably as few could have done in his condition. What a man!

2.2.3 Comparing with the Contemporary Successful Businessman—Henry Ford

Robinson’s sense of leadership is outstanding. He is usually taken as an idol by many people who wants to set up their own enterprises.

Henry Ford spent most of his life making headlines, good, bad, but never indifferent. Celebrated as both a technological genius and a folk hero, Ford was the creative force behind an industry of unprecedented size and wealth that in only a few decades permanently changed the economic and social character of the United States.

The Henry Ford Company was a success from the beginning, but just five weeks after its incorporation the Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers threatened to put it out of business because Ford was not a licensed manufacturer. He had been denied a license by this group, which aimed at reserving for its members the profits of what was fast becoming a major industry. The basis of their power was control of a patent granted in 1895 to George Baldwin Selden, a patent lawyer of Rochester, New York. The association claimed that the patent applied to all gasoline-powered automobiles. Along with many rural Midwesterners of his generation, Ford hated industrial combinations and Eastern financial power. Moreover, Ford thought the Selden patent preposterous. All invention was a matter of evolution, he said, yet Selden claimed genesis he was glad to fight, even though the fight pitted the puny Ford evidence and actual court hearings took six years. Ford lost the original case in 1909; he appealed and won in 1911. His victory had wide implications for the industry, and the fight made a Ford a popular hero.

In 1914 the Ford Motor Company announces that it would hence forth pay eligible workers a minimum wage of $ 5 a day (compared to an average of $ 2.34 for the industry) and would reduce the work day from nine hours to eight, thereby converting the factory to a three-shift day. Overnight Ford became a worldwide celebrity. People either praised him as a great humanitarian or excoriated him as a mad socialist. Ford said humanitarianism had nothing to do with it. Previously profit had been based on paying wages as low as workers would take and pricing cars as high as the traffic would bear. Ford, on the other hand, stressed low pricing (the Model T cost $ 950 in 1908 and $ 290 in 1927) in order to capture the widest possible market and then met the price by volume and efficiency. Ford’s success in making the automobile a basic necessity turned out to be but a prelude to a more widespread revolution. The development of mass-production techniques, which enabled the company eventually to turn out a Model T every 24seconds; the frequent reductions in the price of the car made possible by economies of scale; and the payment of a living wage that raised workers above subsistence and made them potential customers for, among other things, automobiles — these innovations changed the structure of society.

Ⅲ.Conclusion

Nowadays, Robinson Crusoe has its value of being acknowledged. It is a representative literary work of Enlightenment and the hero Robinson was an image of the right side of capitalist in European Enlightenment. It mirrored the individualism and liberalism of capitalists in their developing period. And it showed the enterprise of elaborating one’s personal wisdom to take chances and seek for wealth. However, our exploration of Robinson Crusoe should not cease here, he was essentially a colonist who survived by exploit others. The nature of capitalists’ exploitation was clearly embodied in his action. But his indomitable spirit of adventurism, his reason, his persistence and fearlessness of fight, his strong sense of leadership have its positive significance in every period of human history.

Robinson was the representative of the bourgeois of the 18th century. It was the time when bourgeois grew stronger and stronger. Defoe paid a tribute to bourgeois by creating such a rational courage, clever and successful man. By studying Robinson Crusoe and some successful contemporary businessmen, we can find there are a lot of strong points as courage, reason, perseverance, sense of leadership in common. Robinson Crusoe is a lighthouse for the ambitious people. He is the pioneer of contemporary businessmen.

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