Changing Multifamily Occupancy by Older Adults and Seniors--论文代写范文精选

多户单位的老年人,70岁及以上的人,自1990年以来有所波动。高级人口增长的三个时期，至少部分老年人的能力下降所抵消。这些下降主要是由于老年人的健康长寿，增加老年人的人口总数,因此他们占领的住房。下面的essay代写范文进行详述。

Abstract
The factors driving the multifamily occupancy of older adults and seniors differ significantly from each other and from those driving the occupancy of young and intermediate-age adults. Population growth primarily drove occupancy among older adults, while declines in headship and the multifamily share dampened occupancy among seniors.

Older adults 
The number of multifamily units occupied by older adults surged from 1990 to 2013 (Chart 8). The increase was driven almost exclusively by strong population growth as the baby boom generation —individuals born from 1946 to 1964—entered and moved through this age range (see Appendix for an illustration of the age distribution). The increase in population was modestly offset by a decrease in older adults’ multifamily share during the 1990s, largely accounted for by households in their upper 60s. More recent changes in older adults’ headship and multifamily share were partly driven by the same forces affecting intermediate-age adults. From 2000 to 2013, a small but increasing share of individuals in their 50s lived with their parents, thereby putting downward pressure on headship. From 2007 to 2013, the collapse in housing prices and severe recession put upward pressure on the multifamily share.

Seniors The number of multifamily units occupied by seniors, individuals ages 70 and older, has fluctuated since 1990. The decomposition in Chart 9 shows that senior population growth in each of the three periods was at least partly offset by declines in seniors’ headship and multifamily share. These declines were mostly caused by seniors’ increasing longevity and health.8 Increased longevity increased seniors’ population and thus the total number of housing units they occupied.9 However, increased longevity also put downward pressure on seniors’ headship by allowing couples to live together longer before one partner’s death. As a result, the share of seniors living with a married or unmarried partner has trended significantly upward over time (Chart 10). For example, the share of seniors ages 70 to 74 living with a partner increased from one-third in 1980 to one-half in 2013. Correspondingly, the average number of persons per senior household rose and senior headship fel.

As is the case for young adults, the multifamily share of senior households is considerably lower for married couples than for seniors who live on their own. The increase in the share of seniors living with a partner thus put downward pressure on seniors’ multifamily share. Correspondingly, the age at which seniors began downsizing into multifamily units (indicated by a rise in the multifamily share) gradually rose from 50 in 1980 to 75 in 2013 (Chart 11). Seniors’ improving health, a factor separate from longer life expectancy, may also have contributed to their decreasing multifamily share. Improved health eases maintenance and other demands of single-family homeownership. Furthermore, improved health may increase seniors’ desire to host visiting friends and family, which

Summary and Conclusions 
Young adults have primarily driven the recent rebound in multifamily construction, swinging back toward living in multifamily units after a swing toward single-family units in the early 2000s. In the near term, young adults will continue to help drive multifamily construction as the expanding economy allows more of them to form their own households. Over the longer term, however, seniors will drive strong multifamily construction. The baby-boom generation will begin turning 70 in 2016, thereby ushering in two decades of rapid growth in the senior population. This population growth is likely to far outweigh any further increase in forces pushing down seniors’ headship and multifamily share. As a result, the multifamily occupancy of seniors will grow rapidly for two decades. Moreover, as baby boomers age through their 70s and 80s, their multifamily share will increase sharply. While older adults and seniors are downsizing to multifamily units at increasingly older ages, downsizing—once it begins—increases more rapidly with age than in previous decades. 

In consequence, multifamily home construction is likely to continue to grow at a healthy rate through the end of the decade and thereafter remain well above its level prior to the housing crisis (Rappaport). Due to the shifting age profile of demand, from young adults to seniors, developers risk overbuilding multifamily units that appeal only to the former group. For example, seniors typically have greater financial resources than do young adults and so may prefer larger apartments with more amenities. But the tastes of baby boomers have consistently differed from those of preceding generations, and what type of multifamily units will appeal to them is not yet clear. Will aging baby boomers prefer to live in the suburbs or the city? Will they prefer to remain in their present locations or move to a place with better weather or lower housing prices? Even if developers correctly anticipate these and other considerations, multifamily units that match the tastes of aging baby boomers will likely prove to be in short supply over the coming decades.（essay代写)

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