The Moral of Politics Constitutes Ideological Perspectives--论文代写范文精选

政治意识形态是由道德紧密联系在在日常生活中面临的一些问题。这已经成为非常重要的,因为在一般情况下,人们不使用政治意识形态仅仅是在一个选举,而且大量的决定在他们的社会互动。下面的essay代写范文讲述了这一问题。

Abstract 
The paper reports some insights that is acquired in the online survey observing the moral politics among Indonesian. The survey maps the participant’s responses into two dimensional axis of political ideology, comprised by the source of moral virtues (ethic‐esoteric) and the method to achieve them (progressive‐conservative). Since the political ideology is emerged from the moral political values, the observations through the responses in the survey are delivered. The observation also brings some insights from information theory, regarding to the uncertainty within the political minds as captured by the survey. 
Keywords: moral politics, political ideology, Indonesia, online survey

Introduction 
Modern political practices have brought the population into distinguishable political stances as a consequence on different cognitive background caused by social neighborhood, cultures, et cetera. These political stances are often recognized as political streams or ideology, in more formal discussions. Recently, studies on political ideology has been discussed not only specifically within the political sciences, but also other social analysis, including sociology, economics, and psychology [7]. Political ideology is comprised by moral affinities within certain issues that is faced in daily life. This has become important because in general, people do not use political ideology merely in an election [13], but also in a great deal of decisions within their social interactions. A classical study to modern Indonesian political minds has distinguished the political stances as being influenced a lot by the religious life in the country. There have been known some part of the people as traditionalist, while the other is categorized as modernist, and so on [5]. The observation is focused on the affinities to the general election in Indonesia [4], yet we know that Indonesian moral politics are definitely far more complex than just the social clusters of religious streams.   

Some recent work has re‐introduced an adaptation of [6] to do an online survey to see the political stances of Indonesian people by a mapping of political values via responses to some social issues, be it conservative or progressive, and belief in exogenous source of moral wisdom (esotericism) or just put it in ethical ponders [8]. This recent works set 14 issues on‐line, each of them are 4 moral propositions and let people choose as a respond in between1 . The mapping is based upon [6] and the moral propositions are constructed regarding to the “Pancasila”2 , the fundamentals of the Republic of Indonesia, which was claimed to be the result of the founding fathers digging the basic values of the people.   The paper discussed the result, after the survey has collected more than 800 respondents and tries to give some interesting insights about the survey. First, the questions of the survey are elaborated as the way we read how the Indonesian responses reflect the particular moral values of the participants. Second, we see the employment of the notion of entropy to observe the positions of some moral values one another throughout all responses. 

The model of Moral Politics   
By incorporating the scheme proposed in [6], the landscape of moral stand of Indonesian individual would be constituted in two‐dimensional system. One can be recognized to be a conservative as she agrees with some aspects related to conservatism, while the other might be a progressive. On the other hand, one can also be recognized to hold certain subjects or objects as the source of wisdom and morality, or she may leave it to individual ethics.  When it comes to the collective aspects of modernism, it seems that the online respondents are dominated by those who affine to the modernism better than holding some traditional values. This is shown in figure 2a, where the respondents could be regarded with preference to modernity. This moral element (  ) is made by focusing to questions related to their response to the questions whether they have belief on some issue about an epidemic myths, cultural values, and tradition.  

However, when we focus on their response on the morality related to myth as contrasted to rationality in decision making, the result is quite interesting. Most people tend to have some beliefs on mysticism rather than emphasizing the rationality. These are the elements (  ) from their responds regarding to religion, affinity to myths, and social leadership. Most respondents show their affinity to the mystical (irrational) frame of thought rather than lean on rationality.  

Indonesian people are well‐known for their collectivism, with some local terminologies such as: gotong royong (working together), tepa selira (tolerance), et cetera. However, when it comes to the contrast of individual decision making, our respondents are keen more on individualistic view. When they respond to the propositions regarding to social charity, marriage, national defense, and the expected role of leaders, our respondents express how they more to be individualistic rather than as a part of collective social togetherness.   6 Yet, when it comes to collectivity regarding to market and the role of the state on public life, our respondents’ stances are more on the role of the state rather than market, as shown in figure 3b. This can be seen as we focus on their response to the collective participation on acts of charity, restoration of Indonesian diversity of cultures, and justice for the poor.   From the five elements, the complexity of the political moral is a complex entity. In most aspects of life, Indonesian is religious, even though it is also possible that this is not directly related to the essence of religion: spiritualism. This is confirmed in our focus on seeing the response when we contrasted the religiosity and secularism on social life as shown in figure 4. We do this by observe the response to the aspects of the relation of social leaders and religions, marriage, morality in social political aspects, and gender related issue.

Concluding Remarks 
An adaptation of some theoretical works about how Indonesians see religion, moral, ethics, and culture has brought us to the online survey to map Indonesian ideological and political moral attachment. Furthermore, our understanding has brought us to more insights as we discussed some aspects of the moral elements constructing the ideological positions. The comprehension of those aspects, we could understand the overlapping moral elements that might be understood to be the incoherence of political stances.   8 The information theory has also been acquainted to analyze the moral aspects by using the notion of entropy, as a measurement of the uncertainty level in the data set for their unknown distribution. It is interesting that from the multidimensional analysis we see the relations between an aspect to one another by transforming the mutual information of joint entropy into “distance” among them. By exploring the yielded ultrametric tree, we can have a good visualization on how some moral aspects relate with the other in the mind of the respondents.

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