Benefits of BioMedical Journals Going Online and Open--论文代写范文精选

科学团体将不会采取这一举动，这个开放存取运动的兴起,激起了世界各地的讨论，主要是通过网络沟通和公共会议。开放获取意味着直接的,永久性的,免通行费的在线访问全文。

Abstract
What is the point of scientific research if the results are not shared freely? T his question has become the epicenter of thought internationally as a good number of scholars are being categorically denied access to vital research information that could create a difference- and in the health domain, it is most often between life and death. For scholars from poor and developing countries, this has been even worse.[1] Well, why is this question so significant now? T here have been scientific journals before and they probably will continue to exist. But the so-called 'serials crisis' has taken a significant impact just now, with the omnipotent I nternet affording cheap access to I nformation. T he unique crisis, which is by itself a vicious circle of increasing prices and lower access, has taken its toll. Even well funded universities of affluent societies have been worst affected- not to mention those in poor and developing countries.

Open Acces s Movements 
Since most of the journals that went online were owned by commercial publishers, taking advantage of technology to widen their market potential, most of the scholarly articles that went digital went behind the virtual barriers of toll-based access almost eternally. T he scientific community at large would not take any benefit of this move. This fact paved way to the rise of Open Access movements spearheaded by the Budapest Open Access I nitiative [BOAI ](www.soros.org/boai) and the Public Library of S cience [PloS ](www.plos.org). T he movements were enriched by thought and discussions from around the globe mainly by networked communication on List-serves and public meetings. 'Open Access' means immediate, permanent, tollfree, non-gerrymandered, online access to the fulltext.[4] T his would enable research to be freely exchanged between scholars.

Open Acces s Ar chiving
Open Access archiving offers immediate solution to the need to free scholarly communication from the shackles of access barriers. S ince 1991, high energy physics researchers from around the world were networked through an eprint archive maintained by Paul Gispang of Los Alamos National Library (later moved to Cornell University which currently hosts the archive). T his archive- 'ar xiv' receives two-third of its total hits from institutions outside the United S tates, including many research facilities in developing regions. The archive has become indispensable to researchers in research institutions that would otherwise be excluded from the front line of science for economic and other reasons.[5] 

The success of Arxiv had its impact worldwide and led to the creation of the Open Archives initiative which has developed E-Print (www.eprints.org) software which would enable interoperability between different archives encompassing different specialties. T he OAI has also developed an Open Archives Metadata Harvesting Protocol (OAMHP) which would enable interoperability across distributed archives. Thus the distributed archives form a networked global library that enables cross linking, searching and permanent archival of meta data enhanced manuscripts. Moreover these data are available for seamless search and other features supported by Open Archive search engines like OAI ster (). The new wave has swept through the biomedical domain too, with a number of institutional and centralised archives like Cogprints (http: //cogprints.soton.ac.uk/) being established. Here the works of the US National Library of Medicine through the PubMedCentral (www.pubmedcentral.com), which is now integrated through the OAI MHP, and other archives like the Clinical Medicine Netprints (www.clinmed.netprints.org) maintained by the BMJ publishing Group and E-Research archive (ERA) by the Lancet are worth mentioning.

How Jour nals fr om Developing Count r ies can gain by being Online and Open Access
Biomedical research in developing countries are characteristically featured by low visibility. T his is primarily because journals lack an international audience. I t has been taken note of that, while 25% of all researchers live in developing countries, they contribute less than 3% of the total scientific articles published.[6] Moreover, most of them remain entrapped in geographical, economic and other barriers. T he consequent low impact makes it vulnerable for mar ket forces which compete for the best articles. Being Online and Open would simply make the difference. T he traffic to websites of startup BioMedical journals from I ndia like the Calicut Medical Journal outnumbered the subscription of the largest circulating biomedical journal in the region. Moreover it would pave way for equitable distribution of vital research results. I t also helps in effectively disseminating region-specific health information, which is vital to clinicians and researchers working on regional problems and which affords fewer audience I nternationally.[7] S imilarly the advantages of Open Access archiving has been extensively discussed.[5]（essay代写)

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