Pip's life

这部小说的主人公皮普（汉德尔）。他的父母去世时，他还是一个婴儿。他的姐姐用手把他带来了。他的妹妹嫁给乔，村里的铁匠。他们没有那么多钱，所以皮普从未要求去学校学习。但他很开心，因为他的朋友对她都很友好。但是一个偶然的机会，他帮助了一个囚犯；他给了他太多的食物。然后他遇到了郝薇香小姐，一个很奇怪的老太太，她很有钱。四年后，郝薇香小姐希望皮普离开他的家，作为教育的绅士继承她的财富。后来，皮普开始瞧不起他的穷朋友。他甚至感到羞愧，因为他和穷人生活在一起。皮普的杰出的预期改变了他的一生。

The Chapter11 in the Book Great Expectations
Introduction
This book is called Great Expectations, it was written by Charles Dickens, one of the most famous English writers. He wrote lots of wonderful novels. This book is one of his compositions.
The protagonist of this novel is Pip (Handel). His parents died when he was a baby. His sister had brought him up by hand. His sister married to Joe Gargery who is the village blacksmith. They did not have so much money, so Pip never asked for going to school to study. But he was often very happy .Because all of his friends are friendly to him. It is not very unfortunate to them, this is their lives. But by a chance, Pip helped a convict; he gave much food to him. Then he met Miss Havisham, a very strange old woman and she was very rich.  Four years later, Miss Havisham wants Pip to be removed from his home and educated as a gentleman who expects inherit a fortune when he grow up.  After hearing that . Pip started to despise his poor friends. He even feel ashamed because he live with the poor man . Pip’s great expectations changed his life.(Dickens, 1992).In this chapter. We can see that Pip had got used to the life in London. He had a friend, whose name is Helbers. He lived in a same room with Helbers. Hwlbers is a person who liked to waste money to do something. Pip got the money from his lawyer and he had an opportunity to get the education in the house of Miss Haversham’s relative. Pip had stated his different life in London. 
The major theme of the chapter is that Pip was accustomed to his life in London. He had lived a poor life for a long time. He also suffered a lot in those time. So once he entered the upper society. He had soon loved such life. The life in London was not so good as imagination, but he deeply loved the life in London. In his mind, it was a chance to grasp his great expectations. 
The analyses of the chapter 11
This chapter is an important part in the whole book. It tells the second stage of Pip's expectations. It tells the life when Pip came in to the London. He had the opportunity to change his life. There were three expectations in the book. This chapter is the second expectation. It is also the turning point of the Pip’s life. 
In the first expectation, Pip lives a humble existence with his ill-tempered older sister and her strong but gentle husband, Joe Gargery. Pip is satisfied with this life and his warm friends until he is hired by Miss Havisham and Estella.From that time on, Pip aspires to leave behind his simple life and be a gentleman. This life is suddenly turned upside down when he is visited by a London attorney, Mr. Jaggers.  (Dickens, 1992).  
The second stage of Pip’s expectations has Pip in London, learning the details of being a gentlemen, having tutors, fine clothing, and joining cultured society. At the end of this stage, Pip is introduced to his benefactor, again changing his world. This chapter  shows us that Pip’s life has great change when he came in to the London. He could collect the money from his lawyer when he needs it. He was not afraid of the shortage of the financial support. The most important thing was that he had the chance to study from others. He got little education before he came in to the London. So he was so excited to have the opportunity to study. He regraded it as the chance to change the life. He made friends with Herbert and gradually liked his life in London. 
Pip is the central character of this chapter. He is also the central protagonist of the whole book. This chapter described the second stage of Pip’s expectations. In this chapter we can see that Pip manged to be a gentleman in his life. He had the financial support and the good friend. He found the terrible aspect of the London, but the great expectation made him hopeful for his future. 
The tone which the author set with the chapter 
In this chapter, the author used the ironical tone in the story. It described the life of the upper society. For example, In the beginning of this chapter, the author described the London that it is rather ugly, with narrow dirty streets, and people crowded into tiny houses．everybody in England agreed that London was a wonderful city．But the author used the words “ugly”, “dirty” and “crowded” to show the real condition of the London. The description of the London by the author stands in sharp contrast to what the ostensible situation of the London. This comparison had the great ironical meaning. It had shown that the life in the London may seem great, but the condition of real daily life in this city is far less so. 
The "Great Expectations" takes an ironic band. It should be said that the theme of this work not only told the story of orphan Pip who wanted to be the ideal first-class disillusionment. If one does think so, he holds a wrong understanding of the great significance why Dickens creative the work. The hero Pip lived with his sister’s family. Though their life was hard, Pip didn’t wish to be a first-class person his vision was to be a blacksmith like his brother-in-law, his sister’s husband. The reason why he changed his mind and was eager to be a first-class person later was the changing of environment he met Miss Harvisham, Estella and some other complex people.(Dickens, 1992). As we know one of Dickens's philosophy thoughts is environment takes a deep impact to humans’ ideological and the story expresses his view that different environment creates different people. In short, I think the work was not arbitrarily written, but was based on the 10 works before aggregating Dickens’ thoughts. What is more, Dickens had put his outlook on life, his views of philosophy and ethics into the great creation. 
Except the irony, the author also used the critical tone in this chapter. When we read this chapter, it was not hard to find that there were contradiction in the Pip. Pip had found the ugliness of the upper society, he wanted to leave. But the vanity and the eager for the respect and social state made him stay in London. We can see the class character from this chapter. This tone made the chapter close to the real life in London. 
The writing style of this the chapter
Dickens wrote various books. This was a typical work at that time. The writing style of this the chapter was realism. Dickens is the representative personage of realism. On the one side, Dickens had taken his outlook on life in London and his point of view about philosophy and ethics into the great creation. We all know that Dickens had suffered a lot when he was a child. When he was 12 years old, he had worked in a factory. The experiences in the factory let he know the detail about the poor people’s life. So he put his real experiences in to the work. He described the had life about the lower people. They had not so much money and suffered a lot in the daily life. It expose the real life and suffering of the poor people. Having experienced a wealth of human life, Dickens got a profound understanding of human-being, the surrounding environment and his life experiences while all his mature thinking and understanding were summarized into the book Great Expectations.
On the other hand, he also use the personification in the chapter. For example, he compared the dirt to the client. It made people easily understand his meaning. We can see that the realism try to demonstrate the real situation of the things and add up the true feeling and views in to the writing. 
The literary devices in this chapter. 
There are various literary devices in this chapter. These literary devices make the content of the chapter rich and vivid. Now, I will clearly identify eight literary devices in this chapter. 
Firstly, the author used the hyperbole in the chapter. For example, when Pip first came in to the London, he said: “I was shocked by the dirt and blood everywhere”. (Great Expectation, Charles Dickens).This sentence uses the brief language and exaggerated words to show the terrible condition of the London. The author used the word “everywhere” to show the deeply dirty condition in the city. The hyperbole used in this chapter makes the character of the things vivid and it is easy to understand for the reader. For another instance, when Pip were taken in to the living room. There are sentences about the building which Pip lived in. “ The building was the dirtiest I had ever seen, with broken windows and dusty doors．It stood in a little square with dying trees around it”. (Great Expectation, Charles Dickens). The author used the superlative of adjective “the dirtiest” to show the worse of the buildings. The hyperbole used in the chapter let people know that Pip’s life in London was not wonderful as he imagined. It created the condition of the story. 
The second is synecdoche. This kind of literary device uses the certain one or something to replace other things. For example, in this chapter, when Pip met the Herbert, he had became the great friends with him. Herbert said to Pip: “Would you mind my calling you Handel? There's a wonderful piece of music by Handel, called The Blacksmith, which reminds me of you”. (Great Expectation, Charles Dickens). The Herbert called Pip Handel. In this part, the Handel referred to Pip. 
The third, there is also the metaphor in this chapter. For example, when Pip found Jaggers washing his hands and face, he described that he seemed to be washing away his clients and his work, like dirt. (Great Expectation, Charles Dickens). He compared the clients and his work to dirt. It had vividly shown the feeling of hate towards his upper life and the upper society. 
Fourth, simile is also an important literary device in this chapter. For instance, the sentence “She's like a wild animal．But Mr Jaggers has trained her！” and the sentence “I noticed his face becoming dryer and harder, and his mouth becoming more like a post-box again.”(Great Expectation, Charles Dickens). It made the content of the chapter vivid. 
Fifth is colloquialism, in this chapter. There are several conversation between different people. For example “Get out of my way.” said Mr Jaggers. (Great Expectation, Charles Dickens).This sentence is a kind of colloquial. This phrase is a colloquial way to tell people do not annoy him. This will be easier for reader to understand. Colloquialism makes the story in the chapter close to the people’s real life. 
Sixth is rhetorical question, it refers to people answer the question which is carried up by themselves. For example, “Do you know why I was there?” he asked. “I had been invited to Miss Havisham's to see if she liked me. I suppose I didn't make a good impression on her. If she had liked me, I could be a rich man and engaged to Estella by now.” (Great Expectation, Charles Dickens).It is a obvious rhetorical question in this chapter. The sentence “You don't mind walking there, Mr Pip?” he asked. And the sentence “You're proud of it，aren't you，Aged.” said Wemmick. (Great Expectation, Charles Dickens). The rhetorical question had easily attracted the reader’s attention. 
Seventh, Irony is the mean literary device in this chapter. For example, “You may be robbed or murdered in London．But that may happen to you anywhere， if there is any profit in it for the criminal.” (Great Expectation, Charles Dickens). These sentences had the strong ironic meaning. London was regraded as a wonderful place, but the real situation of London was not so good. (Great Expectation, Charles Dickens). “Bentley Drummle came from a rich family living in the country． He was lazy，proud， mean and stupid.”(Dickens, 1992).The layer said to Pip that“I always accept any little presents from clients, especially if it's cash or anything that can easily be changed into cash. You see these rings I'm wearing?”(Great Expectation, Charles Dickens). From the lawyer’s words, we can see the author humorously mocks the vanity of the Upper society. They pursued the money and other profit. If there were not any interest, they would not help others. Money is the root of evil. The author used irony to reveal the evil of money and the crime caused by the profit. 
The last one is juxtapositio, For example, there is a sentence: “He's never been here. Never met the Aged. Never been invited.”(Great Expectation, Charles Dickens). Juxtapositio makes the sentence clean, clear and powerful. The structure of the sentence had a flowing sense about it. 
My viewpoints about the entire chapter
As far as I am concerned, this chapter is a significant part of the whole book. In the beaning of this chapter, the author briefly introduced the condition of the London. The terrible condition of the city is in stark contrast with the great expectation of Pip. It is the turning point of the central character. 
In this chapter, we can see the Pip’s altitude towards friend and the life. In this section, Pip had became the good friends with Herbert. He always compared his future with Herbert. People always like to compare with their friends. It is a big foible of all the people. If other people have a lot of money, we also want to be rich. If all the people around us are poor , we never mind that we are very poor, too. we will not ashamed because of our stupid. This is a social problem. If we never possess anything, we will not mind we lost some thing. Since we don’t want to be very rich ,we will not feel despond because poor. When Pip compared his great expectation with Herbert, he often felt upset. He also wanted to be rich as the Herbert. 
I also found the controversial sections in this chapter. Pip had inherit a great sum of money from mysterious figure. But he was settled in a dirty building. On the other side, Herbert is a rich people, but he also indicated that he was poor. I think these section were interesting and controversial. Maybe the layer wants Pip to experience the difficulty in his new life. Maybe he can not forget his life in the village. Herbert is a rich people, but his living room is poor. I guess that he had done it on purpose. He did not have various friends in his life. He left the massage to Pip before they met each other. He may presented to be poor to make the real friends. Finally, he found Pip is a appropriate friends for him. So he always got together with Pip and was close to him. The chapter is well-organized. But I think there should more description about the background of the Herbert. In this chapter, Herbert is a very important character. He is also the greatest friends of Pip. If author give more description about this character, the whole chapter will be more rich in content. At the same time, I prefer there are more descriptions about Pip’s own mind. In this way, we can directly know the thinking of the central character and the mental activity in his new life in London. All in all, the designation of this chapter is wonderful. 
Conclusion 
In conclusion, this chapter tells the second great expectation of Pip’s life. Great Expectations has been considered to be one of Charles Dickens’ most mature and relatively late works. Pip is the central character in the character in this masterpiece. He falls in love with Estella.He studied as hard as he could.Educating himself for her.Why did he love Estella so much? Just for her beautiful face? because she is pretty? She is rich? She is proud? In fact, I think Pip pay out so much for the love.She didn't treat him well and even that she didn't respect him at all. She put the food for him as a dog,but he didn't hate her. On the contrary, he left from his home and his friends. He just want to be a gentleman.He abandoned a lot than he got. I can't understand why he do it in this way. I think it's not worth at all. If one person don't like you or not respect you,you needn't do everything for her. We can learn a lot from this chapter. From Pip’s altitude towards the life in London, we can see that his life and mind had influenced a lot from the changing of the environment. To some extent, the environment had great influence on the people. When he was poor, he was satisfied with his life, because all of his friends were poor people. When he entered the London, he met the Herbert and other rich people, he looked the rich life in the upper society. He group and the environment’s change changed his point about the life. So he started the pursuing for his great expectation.  
From the chapter which I chose, we can see that Pip’s life had great changed in London. In my mind, this chapter is the highlight of the whole book. It is the turning point of the Pip. The words and sentences in this chapter is vivid and distinguished. So I choose this chapter to write my paper. 

Reference
Charles Dickens, (1992), Great Expectation, Hertfordshire: Wordsworth.